The Holy Spirit

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Chapter X.
The Holy Spirit is the Divine Proceeding from the Lord,
and This is the Lord Himself

L 46. Jesus has said in Matthew:--

All power (potestas) is given unto Me in heaven and on earth; go ye therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you; and lo I am with you all the days even to the consummation of the age (Matthew 28:18-20).

It has already been shown that the Divine called "the Father," and the Divine called "the Son," are a one in the Lord; and it shall now be shown that "the Holy Spirit" is the same as the Lord.

[2] The reason why the Lord said that they were to baptize into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, is that there is in the Lord a trine or trinity; for there is the Divine called the Father, the Divine Human called the Son, and the proceeding Divine called the Holy Spirit. The Divine called the Father, and the Divine called the Son, are the Divine ex Quo; and the proceeding Divine is the Divine per Quod. That the Divine which proceeds from the Lord is no other than the Divine which is Himself, will be seen in the treatises on the Divine Providence, Omnipotence, Omnipresence, and Omniscience; for it is a matter of deep investigation.

[3] That there is a trine in the Lord may be illustrated by comparison with an angel, who has a soul and a body, and also a proceeding. That which proceeds from him is himself outside of him. I have been permitted to learn many things about this proceeding, but this is not the place to present them.

[4] After death the first thing the angels teach every man who looks to God is that the Holy Spirit is not any other than the Lord; and that "to go forth" and "to proceed" is nothing else than to enlighten and teach by the presence, which is according to the reception, of the Lord. The result is that after death very many people put away the idea they had formed in this world about the Holy Spirit, and receive the idea that it is the Lord’s presence with man through angels and spirits, by and according to which the man is enlightened and taught.

[5] Moreover, it is usual in the Word to name two Divines, and sometimes three, which yet are one; as Jehovah and God, Jehovah and the Holy One of Israel, Jehovah and the Mighty One of Jacob, and also God and the Lamb. And as these are one, it is said in other places, Jehovah alone is God, Jehovah alone is holy, and He is the Holy One of Israel, and there is none besides Him; and also instead of God it is sometimes said the Lamb, and instead of the Lamb, God; this is done in the Revelation; the other expressions occur in the Prophets.

[6] That it is the Lord only who is meant by the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in (Matt. 28:19), is evident from what there precedes and what follows. In the preceding verse the Lord says, "All power is given unto Me in heaven and on earth," and in the following verse He says, "Lo, I am with you all the days, even to the consummation of the age;" thus He speaks of Himself only, so that He spoke in that manner (about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) to make His disciples aware that there is a trinity in Him.

[7] In order that it may be known that the Holy Spirit is not a Divine other than the Lord Himself, it shall be shown what is meant by "spirit" in the Word. By "spirit" is meant,

1. Man‘s life in general.

2. As man’s life varies according to his state, by "spirit" is meant the varying affection of life in man.

3. Also the life of one who is regenerate, which is called spiritual life.

4. But where "spirit" is said of the Lord, His Divine life is meant, thus the Lord Himself.

5. Specifically, the life of His wisdom, which is called the Divine truth.

6. Jehovah Himself, that is, the Lord, spoke the Word through the prophets.

L 47. i. That by "spirit" is meant man‘s life, is evident from ordinary discourse, in which it is said that a man, when he dies, yields up his spirit, so that by "spirit" in this sense is meant the life of the respiration, and in fact the term "spirit" is derived from the respiration, and this is why, in the Hebrew language, there is one word for both "spirit" and "wind." There are in man two fountains of life, one is the motion of the heart, and the other is the respiration of the lungs. The life from the respiration of the lungs is what is properly meant by "spirit" and also by "soul." That this acts as one with the man’s thought from the understanding, and that the life from the heart‘s motion acts as one with his will’s love, will be seen in its own place. That man‘s life is meant in the Word by "spirit," is evident from these passages:--

Thou gatherest in their breath (spiritum), they expire, and return into dust (Ps. 104:29).

He remembered that they were flesh, a wind (spiritus) that passeth away, and cometh not again (Ps. 78:39).

When his breath has gone forth, he will return into earth (Ps. 146:4).

Hezekiah lamented that the life of his spirit should go forth (Isa. 38:16).

The spirit of Jacob revived (Gen. 45:27).

A molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in it (Jer. 51:17).

The Lord Jehovih said to the dry bones, I will cause breath to enter into you, that ye may live. Come from the four winds O breath, and breathe upon these slain, and they shall live; and the breath came into them, and they revived (Ezek. 37:5, 6, 9, 10).

Jesus took the daughter (of Jairus) by the hand, and her spirit returned, and she rose up immediately (Luke 8:54, 55).

L 48. ii. As man’s life varies according to his state, by "spirit" is meant the varying affection of life in man. As, 1: The life of wisdom:--

Bezaleel was filled with the spirit of wisdom, intelligence, and knowledge (Exod. 31:3).

Thou shalt speak unto all that are wise-hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom (Exod. 28:3).

Joshua was filled with the spirit of wisdom (Deut. 34:9).

Nebuchadnezzar said of Daniel (in whom is the spirit of the holy gods. The queen said) that an excellent spirit of knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom was in him (Dan. 4:8; 5:12).

They that erred in spirit shall know intelligence (Isa. 29:24).

2. The excitation of life:--

Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the king of Media (Jer. 51:11).

Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people (Haggai 1:14).

I will put a spirit in the king of Assyria, that he may hear a rumor, and shall return into his own land (Isa. 37:7).

Jehovah hardened the spirit of Sihon the king (Deut. 2:30).

That which cometh up upon your spirit shall not be at all (Ezek. 20:32).

3. Freedom of life:--(It is said of) the four living creatures (which were cherubs) seen by the prophet, Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went (Ezek. 1:12, 20). 4. Life in fear, pain or grief and anger:--

That every heart may melt, and all hands be let down, and every spirit be faint (Ezek. 21:7).

My spirit hath failed upon me; my heart is amazed in the midst of me (Ps. 142:3; 143:4).

My spirit is consumed (Ps. 143:7).

As for me Daniel, my spirit was grieved (Dan. 7:15).

The spirit of Pharaoh was troubled (Gen. 41:8).

Nebuchadnezzar said, My spirit was troubled (Dan. 2:3).

I went in sadness in the heat of my spirit (Ezek. 3:14).

5. A life of various evil affections:--

Provided that in his spirit there is no guile (Ps. 32:2).

Jehovah hath mingled a spirit of perversities in the midst thereof (Isa. 19:14).

He said to the foolish prophets that go away after their own spirit (Ezek. 13:3).

The prophet is a fool, the man (that hath a) spirit is mad (Hos. 9:7).

Take ye had to your spirit, and deal not treacherously (Mal. 2:16).

The spirit of whoredoms hath led them astray (Hos. 4:12).

The spirit of whoredoms is in the midst of them (Hos. 5:4).

When the spirit of jealousy hath passed upon him (Num. 5:14).

A man who wandereth in spirit and chattereth a lie (Micah 2:11).

A generation whose spirit was not steadfast with God (Ps. 78:8).

Jehovah hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep (Isa. 29:10).

Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble; as for your spirit, fire shall devour you (Isa. 33:11).

6. Infernal life:--

I will cause the unclean spirit to pass out of the land (Zech. 13:2).

When the unclean spirit is gone out of a man, he walketh through dry places, and he afterwards joineth to himself seven spirits worse than himself, and they enter in and dwell there (Matt. 12:43-45).

Babylon is become the hold of every foul spirit (Rev. 18:2).

7. Besides the infernal spirits themselves by whom men are troubled (Matt. 8:16; 10:1; 12:43-45; Mark 1:23-27; 9:17-29; Luke 4:33, 36; 6:17, 18; 7:21; 8:2, 29; 9:39, 42, 55; 11:24-26; 13:11; Rev. 13:15; 16:13, 14).

L 49. iii. That by "spirit" is meant the life of one who is regenerate, which is called spiritual life:--

Jesus said, Except a man be born of water and of the spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God (John 3:5).

I will give you a new heart, and a new spirit. I will put My spirit within you, and cause you to walk in My statutes (Ezek. 36:26, 27).

To give a new heart and a new spirit (Ezek. 11:19).

Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me. Restore unto me the joy of Thy salvation, and let a willing spirit uphold me (Ps. 51:10, 12).

Make you a new heart, and a new spirit; for why will ye die, O house of Israel (Ezek. 18:31).

Thou sendest forth Thy spirit, they are created, and Thou renewest the faces of the earth (Ps. 104:30).

The hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth (John 4:23).

Jehovah God giveth breath (animam) to the people, and spirit to them that walk therein (Isa. 42:5).

Jehovah formeth the spirit of man in the midst of him (Zech. 12:1).

With my soul have I awaited Thee in the night; with my spirit in the midst of me have I awaited Thee in the morning (Isa. 26:9).

In that day shall Jehovah be for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment (Isa. 28:5, 6).

My spirit hath rejoiced in God my Saviour (Luke 1:47).

They have quieted my spirit in the land of the north (Zech. 6:8).

Into Thy hand I commend my spirit; Thou hast redeemed me (Ps. 31:5).

Did not He make one, and the rest in whom was spirit? (Mal. 2:15).

After three days and a half the spirit of life from God entered into the two witnesses that had been killed by the beast (Rev. 11:11).

I Jehovah the former of the mountains, and the creator of the wind (spiritus) (Amos 4:13).

O God, the God of the spirits as to all flesh (Num. 16:22; 27:18).

I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitant of Jerusalem, the spirit from on high (Zech. 12:10).

Until He hath poured upon us the spirit from on high (Isa. 22:15).

I will pour waters upon him that is thirsty, and brooks upon the dry (ground), I will pour My spirit upon thy seed (Isa. 44:3).

I will pour My spirit upon all flesh, also upon the servants and the handmaids in those days will I pour out My spirit (Joel 2:28, 29).

(To pour out the spirit means to regenerate; as does also to give a new heart and a new spirit.)

[2] That by "spirit" is meant spiritual life in those who are in humiliation:--

I dwell in a contrite and humble spirit, and to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones (Isa. 57:15).

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and contrite heart, O God, Thou wilt not despise (Ps. 51:17).

He will give the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness (Isa. 61:3).

A woman forsaken and grieved in spirit (Isa. 54:6).

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens. (Matthew 5:3).

L 50. iv. That where "spirit" is said of the Lord, there is meant His Divine life, thus the Lord Himself, is evident from these passages:--

He whom the Father hath sent speaketh the words of God, for God hath not given the spirit by measure unto Him; the Father loveth the Son, and hath given all things into His hand (John 3:34, 35).

There shall go forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and the spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon Him, the spirit of wisdom and intelligence, the spirit of counsel and might (Isa. 11:1, 2).

I have put My spirit upon Him, He shall bring forth judgment to the nations (Isa. 42:1).

When the enemy shall come as a pent-up stream, the spirit of Jehovah shall lift up a standard against him; then shall the Redeemer come to Zion (Isa. 59:19, 20).

The spirit of the Lord Jehovih is upon Me; Jehovah hath anointed Me to preach good tidings to the poor (Isa. 61:1; Luke 4:18).

Jesus knowing in His spirit that they so reasoned within themselves (Mark 2:8).

Jesus exulted in spirit, and said (Luke 10:21).

Jesus was troubled in His spirit (John 13:21).

Jesus sighed in His spirit (Mark 8:12).

[2] "Spirit" as used for Jehovah Himself, that is, the Lord:--

God is a Spirit (John 4:24).

Who hath directed the Spirit of Jehovah, or who is a man of His counsel? (Isa. 40:13).

The Spirit of Jehovah led them by the hand of Moses (Isa. 63:12, 14).

Whither shall I go from Thy Spirit, and whither shall I flee? (Ps. 139:7).

Jehovah said, Not by might, but by My Spirit shall he do it (Zech. 4:6).

They provoked the Spirit of His holiness, therefore He was turned to be their enemy (Isa. 63:10; Ps. 106:33, 40).

My Spirit shall not strive with man forever, for he is flesh (Gen. 6:3).

I will not contend to eternity, for the Spirit should fail before Me (Isa. 57:16).

The blasphemy against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven; but he who shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven (Matt. 12:31, 32; Mark 3:28-30; Luke 12:10).

"Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit," is blasphemy against the Lord‘s Divine; "a word against the Son of man," is something said against the Word by wrongly interpreting its meaning; for "the Son of man" is the Lord in respect to the Word, as has been shown above.

L 51. v. That by "spirit," when said of the Lord, is specifically meant the life of His wisdom, which is Divine Truth:--

I tell you the truth, it is expedient for you that I go away, for if I go not away the Comforter will not come unto you, but if I go away I will send Him unto you (John 16:7).

When He, the Spirit of Truth, is come, He will lead you into all truth. He shall not speak from Himself but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak (John 16:13).

He shall glorify Ne, for He shall receive of Mine, and shall declare it unto you: all things that the Father hath are Mine; therefore said I that He shall receive of Mine and shall declare it unto you (John 16:14, 15).

I will ask the Father, that He may give you another Comforter, the Spirit of Truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, neither knoweth Him; but ye know Him, for He abideth with you, and shall be in you: I will not leave you orphans, I come to you, and ye shall see Me (John 14:16-19).

When the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of Truth, He shall testify of Me (John 15:26).

Jesus cried, saying, if anyone thirst let him come unto Me and drink; he that believeth in Me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow streams of living water. This He said of the spirit which they that believe in Him should receive. For the Holy Spirit was not yet, because Jesus was not yet glorified (John 7:37-39).

Jesus breathed on His disciples, and said, Receive ye the Holy Spirit (John 20:22).

[2] That by the "Comforter," the "Spirit of Truth," and the "Holy Spirit," the Lord meant Himself, is evident from His words--that "the world did not as yet know Him," for they did not as yet know the Lord. And when He said that He would send it," He added, "I will not leave you orphans, I come to you, and ye shall see Me" (John 14:16-19, 26, 28); and in another place, "Lo I am with you all the days, even to the consummation of the age" (Matt. 28:20); and when Thomas said, "We know not whither Thou goest," Jesus said, "I am the way and the truth" (John 14:5, 6).

[3] As the "Spirit of Truth" or "Holy Spirit" is the same as the Lord, who is the Truth itself, it is said, "the Holy Spirit was not yet, because Jesus was not yet glorified" (John 7:39); for after His glorification or complete unition with the Father, which was effected by the passion of the cross, the Lord was Divine wisdom and Divine truth itself, thus the Holy Spirit. The reason why the Lord breathed on the disciples and said, "Receive ye the Holy Spirit," was that all the breathing of heaven is from the Lord. For angels as well as men have breathing and beating of the heart; their breathing being according to their reception of wisdom from the Lord, and their beating of the heart or pulse being according to their reception of Divine love from the Lord. That this is so will be seen in its own place.

[4] That "the Holy Spirit" is Divine Truth from the Lord, is further evident from these passages:--

When they bring you to the synagogues, be not anxious as to what ye shall say for the Holy Spirit shall teach you in the same hour what ye ought to say (Luke 12:11, 12; 21:14; Mark 13:11).

Jehovah said, My spirit that is upon thee, and My words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth (Isa. 59:21).

There shall go forth a Rod out of the stem of Jesse, and He shall smite the earth with the rod of His mouth, and with the breath (spiritu) of His lips shall He slay the wicked, and truth shall be the girdle of His thighs (Isa. 11:1, 4, 5).

Now with the mouth He hath commanded, and His spirit hath gathered them (Isa. 34:16).

They who worship God must worship in spirit and in truth (John 4:24).

It is the spirit that quickeneth, the flesh profiteth nothing; the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they are life (John 6:63).

John said, I baptize you with water unto repentance; but He that cometh after me shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire (Matt. 3:11; Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16).

To "baptize with the Holy Spirit and with fire," is to regenerate by means of the Divine truth which is of faith and the Divine good which is of love.

When Jesus was baptized, the heavens were opened, and He saw the Holy Spirit descending like a dove (Matt. 3:16; Mark 1:10; Luke 3:21, 22; John 1:32, 33).

A dove is a representative of purification and regeneration by means of Divine truth.

[5] As by "the Holy Spirit," where the Lord is treated of, is meant His Divine life, thus Himself, and, specifically, the life of His wisdom which is called Divine truth, by the "spirit" mentioned in the writings of the prophets which is called also the "Holy Spirit," is meant Divine truth from the Lord. Thus in the following passages:--

The Spirit said unto the churches (Rev. 2:7, 11, 29; 3:1, 6, 13, 22).

The seven lamps of fire burning before the throne are the seven spirits of God (Rev. 4:5).

In the midst of the elders a Lamb standing, having seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent forth into all the earth (Rev. 5:6).

"Lamps of fire," and the Lord’s "eyes," signify Divine truths, and "seven" signifies what is holy. The Spirit said, that they may rest from their labors (Rev. 14:13).

The Spirit and the bride say, Come (Rev. 22:17).

They made their heart adamant, that they should not hear the law or the words which Jehovah hath sent in His Spirit by the hand of the prophets (Zech. 7:12).

The spirit of Elijah came upon Elisha (2 Kings 2:15).

John went before in the spirit and power of Elijah (Luke 1:17).

Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied (Luke 1:41).

Zacharias, filled with the Holy Spirit, prophesied (Luke 1:67).

David said in the Holy Spirit, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand (Mark 12:36).

The testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy (Rev. 19:10).

As, therefore, by the "Holy Spirit" there is meant, specifically, the Lord as to Divine wisdom, and derivatively as to Divine truth, it is evident why it is said of the Holy Spirit that it enlightens, teaches, inspires.

L 52. vi. "Jehovah Himself (that is, the Lord) spoke the Word through the prophets. We read of the prophets that they were in vision, and that Jehovah spoke to them. When they were in vision they were not in the body, but in their spirit, in which state they saw things such as are in heaven. But when Jehovah spoke to them, they were in the body, and heard Him speaking. These two states of the prophets should be carefully distinguished. In their state of vision, the eyes of their spirit were opened, and those of their body shut, and they then seemed to themselves to be carried from place to place, the body remaining in its own place. In this state, at times, were Ezekiel, Zechariah, Daniel, and John when he wrote the Revelation; and it is then said that they were "in vision," or "in the spirit" Thus Ezekiel says:--

The spirit lifted me up, and brought me into Chaldea to the captivity, in the vision of God, in the Spirit of God; thus went up above me the vision which I saw (Ezekiel 11:1, 24).

He says too,

That the spirit took him up, and he heard behind him an earthquake, and other things (Ezekiel 3:12, 14).

Also that the spirit lifted him up between the earth and the heaven, and brought him in the visions of God to Jerusalem, and he saw abominations (Ezekiel 8:3).

In like manner in the vision of God, or in the spirit, he saw

The four living creatures, which were cherubs (Ezekiel 1:5; 10:1-15).

And also the new earth and the new temple, and an angel measuring them (Ezekiel 40:1-5; 48:1-35).

That he was then in the visions of God, he says in (Ezekiel 40:2); and that the spirit took him up, in (Ezekiel 43:5). The case was the same with Zechariah, in whom at the time there was an angel,

When he saw a man riding among the myrtle-trees (Zech. 1:8).

When he saw four horns, and afterwards a man who had a measuring line in his hand (Zechariah 1:18; 2:1).

When he saw Joshua the high priest (Zechariah 3:1).

When he saw a lampstand, and two olive-trees (Zechariah 4:2, 3).

When he saw a flying roll, and an ephah (Zechariah 5:1, 6).

And when he saw four chariots going out between two mountains, and horses (Zechariah 6:1).

In a similar state was Daniel,

When he saw four beasts coming up out of the sea (Dan. 7:3).

And when he saw the combats of the ram and the he-goat (Daniel 8:1).

That he saw these things in visions, is stated in (Daniel 7:1, 2, 7, 13; 8:2; 10:1, 7, 8). That the angel Gabriel was seen by him in vision, and spoke with him, is stated in (Daniel 9:21, 22). The case was the same with John when he wrote the Revelation, who says,

That he was in the spirit on the Lord‘s day (Rev. 1:10).

That he was carried away in the spirit into the wilderness (Revelation 17:3).

Into a high mountain in the spirit (Revelation 21:10).

That he saw horses in vision (Revelation 9:17)."

And elsewhere that he saw the thing which he described, thus in spirit, or in vision (Revelation 1:12; 4:1; 5:1; 6:1).

L 53. As to the Word itself, however, it is not said in the Prophets that they spoke it from the Holy Spirit, but that they spoke it from Jehovah, from Jehovah of Armies, from the Lord Jehovih; for we read "the Word of Jehovah came unto me," "Jehovah said unto me," and very frequently "Jehovah said," and "the word (dictum) of Jehovah." And, as the Lord is Jehovah, as has been shown above, it follows that all the Word has been spoken by Him. That no one may doubt this to be the case, I will give the references, in Jeremiah only, to the places where these four expressions occur (Jer. 1:4, 7, 11-14, 19; 2:1-5, 9, 19, 22, 29, 31; 3:1, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16; 4:1, 3, 9, 17, 27; 5:11, 14, 18, 22, 29; 6:6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 21, 22; 7:1, 3, 11, 13, 19-21; 8:1, 3, 12, 13; 9:3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 17, 22, 24, 25; 10:1, 2, 18; 11:1, 6, 9, 11, 17, 21, 22; 12:14, 17; 13:1, 6, 9, 11-15, 25; 14:1, 10, 14, 15; 15:1-3, 6, 11, 19, 20; 16:1, 3, 5, 9, 14, 16; 17:5, 19, 20, 21, 24; 18:1, 5, 6, 11, 13; 19:1, 3, 6, 12, 15; 20:4; 21:1, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12; 22:2, 5, 6, 11, 16, 18, 24, 29, 30; 23:2, 5, 7, 12, 15, 24, 29, 31, 38; 24:3, 5, 8; 25:1, 3, 7-9, 15, 27-29, 32; 26:1, 2, 18; 27:1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 16, 19, 21, 22; 28:2, 12, 14, 16; 29:4, 8, 9, 16, 19-21, 25, 30-32; 30:1-5, 8, 10-12, 17, 18; 31:1, 2, 7, 10, 15-17, 23, 27, 28, 31-38; 32:1, 6, 14, 15, 25, 26, 28, 30, 36, 42; 33:1, 2, 4, 10-13, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25; 34:1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 17, 22; 35:1, 13, 17-19; 36:1, 6, 27, 29, 30; 37:6, 7, 9; 38:2, 3, 17; 39:15-18; 40:1; 42:7, 9, 15, 18, 19; 43:8, 10; 44:1, 2, 7, 11, 24-26, 30; 45:1, 2, 5; 46:1, 23, 25, 28; 47:1; 48:1, 8, 12, 30, 35, 38, 40, 43, 44, 47; 49:2, 5-7, 12, 13, 16, 18, 26, 28, 30, 32, 35, 37-39; 50:1, 4, 10, 18, 20, 21, 30, 31, 33, 35, 40; 51:25, 33, 36, 39, 52, 58). These from Jeremiah only. All the other prophets speak in the same way, and none say that the Holy Spirit has spoken, or that Jehovah has spoken to them by means of the Holy Spirit.

L 54. From all this then it is evident that JEHOVAH (who is THE LORD FROM ETERNITY) spoke through the prophets; and that where the HOLY SPIRIT is mentioned, it is the Lord Himself. It follows that GOD IS ONE IN BOTH PERSON AND ESSENCE, AND THAT THIS GOD IS THE LORD.