Spiritual Meaning of EXODUS 12:43-49
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AC 7993. Verses 43-49. And Jehovah said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the statute of the passover: no son of an alien shall eat of it. And every man‘s servant that is bought with silver, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat of it. A lodger and a hireling shall not eat of it. In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not bring out of the flesh abroad from the house; and ye shall not break a bone thereof. All the assemblage of Israel shall perform it. And when a sojourner shall sojourn with thee, and performeth the passover to Jehovah, every male of his shall be circumcised, and then let him come near to perform it; and he shall be as a native of the land; and no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. One law shall there be for the native, and for the sojourner that sojourneth in the midst of you. "And Jehovah said unto Moses and Aaron," signifies information by means of truth Divine; "This is the statute of the passover," signifies the laws of order for those who are liberated from damnation and infestations; "no son of an alien shall eat of it," signifies that those who are not in truth and good are to be separated from them; "and every man’s servant," signifies a man who is still natural; "that is bought with silver," signifies who has any spiritual truth; "when thou hast circumcised him," signifies purification from unclean loves; "then he shall eat of it," signifies that he shall be with them; "a lodger and a hireling shall not eat of it," signifies that they who do what is good from mere natural disposition, and those who do it for the sake of their own advantage, are not to be with them; "in one house shall it be eaten," signifies consociations of accordant goods, that they may together make one good; "thou shalt not bring out of the flesh abroad from the house," signifies that this good shall not be mixed together with the good of another; "and ye shall not break a bone in it," signifies the truth of memory-knowledge, that this also must be sound; "all the assemblage of Israel shall perform it," signifies that this law of order is for all who are in the good of truth and in the truth of good; "and when a sojourner shall sojourn with thee," signifies those who have been instructed in the truth and good of the church, and have received them; "and performeth the passover to Jehovah," signifies if he desires to be together with them; "every male of his shall be circumcised," signifies that his truth must be cleansed from impure loves; "and then let him come near to perform it," signifies that then he shall be with them; "and he shall be as a native of the land," signifies that he shall be received as he who is in that truth and good, and has been purified from unclean loves; "and no uncircumcised person shall eat of it," signifies that he who is in the loves of self and of the world cannot be together with them; "one law shall there be for the native, and for the sojourner that sojourneth in the midst of you," signifies that he who on being instructed receives the truth and good of the church, and lives according to them, shall be as he who, being already instructed, is within the church, and lives a life in agreement with the precepts of faith and of charity.

AC 7994. And Jehovah said unto Moses and Aaron. That this signifies information by means of truth Divine, is evident from the signification of "Jehovah said," when the statutes of the church are treated of, as being information or instruction (n. 7186, 7267, 7304, 7380, 7517, 7769, 7793, 7825); and from the representation of Moses and Aaron, as being truth Divine; Moses internal, and Aaron external (n. 7009, 7010, 7089, 7382).

AC 7995. This is the statute of the passover. That this signifies the laws of order for those who are liberated from damnation and infestations, is evident from the signification of a "statute," as being that which is from order; and from the signification of "the passover," as being the presence of the Lord and liberation from damnation (n. 7093, 7867). As regards that which is of order, which is signified by "statute," be it known that all the statutes commanded to the sons of Israel were laws of order in the external form, but those things which they represented and signified were laws of order in the internal form. Laws of order are truths which are from good; the complex of all the laws of order is the Divine truth proceeding from the Divine good of the Lord. From this it is evident that the Divine Itself of the Lord in heaven is order, the Divine good the essential of order, and the Divine truth its formal.

AC 7996. No son of an alien shall eat of it. That this signifies that those who are not in truth and good are to be separated from them, is evident from the signification of "an alien," as being those out of the church who do not acknowledge anything of the truth and good of faith, as was the case with the nations in the land of Canaan (n. 2049, 2115), thus who are not in truth and good; and from the signification of "not eating of it," as being to communicate and be conjoined with them, thus to be separated from them. In what now follows those are treated of who should eat the passover together, and those who should not. The supper of the passover represented the consociations of the good in heaven; and in the statutes which follow, it is declared who could be consociated and who could not. In general, feasts, both dinners and suppers, in ancient times were made within the church in order that they might be consociated and conjoined as to love, and that they might instruct one another in those things which are of love and faith, thus in the things of heaven (n. 3596, 3832, 5161). Such at that time were the delights attending their banquets, and such was the end for the sake of which were their dinners and suppers. Thus the mind and the body also were nourished unanimously and correspondently; and from this they had health and long life, and from it they had intelligence and wisdom; and also from this they had communication with heaven, and some had open communication with angels. But as in course of time all internal things vanish away and pass into external ones, so also did the purposes of the feasts and banquets, which at this day are not for the sake of any spiritual conjunction, but for the sake of worldly conjunctions, namely, for the sake of gain, for the sake of the pursuit of honors, and for the sake of pleasures, from which there is nourishment of the body, but none of the mind.

AC 7997. That the paschal supper represented the consociations of angels in the heavens in respect to goods and truths, see above (n. 7836, 7996); and because it represented these, it was ordained that not only every house by itself should then be together and eat, but also that no others should be consociated except those who represent the conjunction of love such as is that of the heavenly societies, and thus that the rest were to be separated. They who are to be separated were the aliens, for by them were signified those who are not in the good and truth of the church; also the lodgers and hirelings, because by these were represented those who from mere natural disposition, and those who for the sake of gain, did good and truth, and bade a boast of them. Neither the latter nor the former can be consociated with the angels in the heavens; but when they are allowed to wander about, as is the case when they first came into the other life, before they undergo vastations of good and truth, then when they come toward any angelic society and feel the sphere of sanctity from the truth of the good of innocence which is signified by the blood of the paschal lamb (n. 7846, 7877), they cannot approach, but forthwith flee away because of fear and aversion.

AC 7998. And every man‘s servant. That this signifies a man who is still natural, is evident from the signification of "servant," as being what is natural (n. 3019, 3020, 3191, 3192, 3204, 3206, 3209, 5305), thus the natural man. The natural man is called a "servant" because it was made to minister to the spiritual man, and also to obey it, as a servant his lord.

AC 7999. That is bought with silver. That this signifies who has any spiritual truth, is evident from the signification of "buying," as being acquisition and appropriation (n. 4397, 4487, 5374, 5397, 5406, 5410, 5426); and from the signification of "silver," as being truth (n. 1551, 2954, 5658), here spiritual truth, because the servant that is bought is in the internal sense the natural man, and therefore the lord who buys is the spiritual man. How this is cannot be known unless it is known how the spiritual buys for itself--that is, acquires and appropriates--the natural. When man is being regenerated, his internal and external, that is, the spiritual and the natural, at first are at variance, for the spiritual wills what is of heaven, but the natural what is of the world. But the spiritual then continually inflows into the natural and brings it into agreement: this is effected by means of truth; and what the spiritual brings to itself in the natural is called "bought with silver," that is, acquired and appropriated by means of truth.

AC 8000. When thou hast circumcised him. That this signifies purification from unclean loves, is evident from the signification of "to be circumcised," as being purification from the loves of self and of the world, thus from unclean loves (n. 2039, 2056, 2632, 3412, 3413, 3462, 7045).

AC 8001. Then shall he eat of it. That this signifies that he shall be with them, is evident from the signification of "eating," that is, the paschal lamb, together with the rest, as being to communicate and be conjoined (n. 2187, 5643). For as before said (n. 7836, 7850, 7996, 7997), the paschal supper represented the angelic consociations in respect to goods and truths; and by the statutes concerning aliens, servants, lodgers, hirelings, and sojourners, who are here treated of, is declared in the internal sense who could be consociated, and who could not. Hence it is that by "eating" is signified to be with them, or to be consociated; and by "not eating," not to be with them, or to be separated.

AC 8002. A lodger and a hired servant shall not eat of it. That this signifies that they who do what is good from mere natural disposition, and those who do it for the sake of their own advantage, are not to be with them, is evident from the signification of "a lodger," as being those who do what is good from mere natural disposition; from the signification of "a hireling," as being those who do what is good for the sake of their own advantage; and from the signification of "not to eat of it," as being not to be with them, (n. 8001). That a "lodger" denotes what is good from mere natural disposition, is because lodgers were those who came from other peoples, and were inhabitants, and dwelt with the Israelites and the Jews in one house; and "to dwell together" signifies to be together in good. But because, as before said, they were from peoples out of the church, the good which is signified is not the good of the church, but is a good not of the church. This good is called "natural good," because it is hereditary from birth. Moreover some have such good in consequence of ill health and feebleness. This good is meant by the good which they do who are signified by "lodgers."

[2] This good is utterly different from the good of the church, for by means of the good of the church conscience is formed in man, which is the plane into which the angels flow, and through which there is fellowship with them; whereas by natural good no plane for the angels can be formed. They who are in this good do good in the dark from blind instinct; not in the light of truth by virtue of influx from heaven; and therefore in the other life they are carried away, like chaff by the wind, by everyone, as much by an evil man as by a good one, and more by an evil one who knows how to join to reasonings something of affection and persuasion; nor can they then be withdrawn by the angels, for the angels operate through the truths and goods of faith, and flow into the plane which has been formed within the man from the truths and goods of faith. From all this it is evident that those who do what is good from mere natural disposition cannot be consociated with the angels. Concerning them and their lot in the other life, (n. 3470, 3471, 3518, 4988, 4992, 5032, 6208, 7197).

[3] That "lodgers" are those who do not stay in their own land or in their own house, but in a foreign land, is evident in the following passages:--

By a "sojourner" equally as by a "lodger," is signified a comer and inhabitant from another land, but by a "sojourner" are signified those who were being instructed in the truths of the church and who received them; and by "lodgers" were signified those not instructed in the truths of the church, because they were not willing to receive them.

[4] As regards "hirelings," they were such as labored for hire, being servants, but not bought; that these were called "hirelings," (Lev. 19:13; 25:4-6; Deut. 24:14, 15). As "hirelings" were those who labored for hire, by them in the internal sense are meant those who do what is good for the sake of their own advantage in the world; and in a sense still more interior, those who do what is good for the sake of reward in the other life; thus who desire to merit by works.

[5] They who do what is good merely for the sake of their own advantage in the world, cannot possibly he consociated with angels, because the end regarded by them is the world, that is, wealth and eminence; and not heaven, that is, the blessedness and happiness of souls. The end is what determines the actions, and gives them their quality. Concerning those who do what is good merely for the sake of their own advantage, the Lord thus speaks:--

[6] That lodgers and hirelings were not to be consociated in respect to holy things with those who were of the church, is evident from this:--

And that from the sons of lodgers were to be bought servants who should serve forever, in the same:--

By the "sons of the lodgers" are signified memory-knowledges which are from mere natural light; that spiritual truths shall rule over these is signified by "servants being bought of the sons of the lodgers for a perpetual possession."

[7] But they who do what is good for the sake of reward in the other life, who also are signified by "hirelings," differ from those just now spoken of, in that they have as the end life and happiness in heaven. But as this end determines and converts their Divine worship from the Lord to themselves, and they consequently desire well to themselves alone, and to others only so far as these desire well to them, and accordingly the love of self is in every detail, and not the love of the neighbor, therefore they have no genuine charity. Neither can these be consociated with the angels, for the angels are utterly averse to both the name and the idea of reward or recompense. That benefits must be imparted without the end of reward, the Lord teaches in Luke:--

Concerning meritorious goods and their quality, see (n. 1110, 1111, 1774, 1835, 1877, 2027, 2273, 2340, 2373, 2400, 3816, 4007, 4174, 4943, 6388-6390, 6392, 6393, 6478).

[8] That it is so often said by the Lord that they who do what is good shall "have their reward in heaven" (Matt. 5:11, 12; 6:1, 2, 16; 10:41, 42; 20:1-16; Mark 9:41; Luke 6:23, 35; 14:14; John 4:36), is because before he is regenerated a man cannot but think of reward; but it is otherwise when he has been regenerated; he is then indignant if anyone thinks that he benefits his neighbor for the sake of reward, for he feels delight and blessedness in imparting benefits, and not in recompense. In the internal sense "reward" denotes the delight of the affection of charity, (n. 3816, 3956, 6388, 6478).

AC 8003. In one house shall it be eaten. That this signifies the consociations of accordant goods that they may together make one good, is evident from the fact that the paschal supper represented the angelic consociations in heaven, and that each house of the sons of Israel represented a society in particular (n. 7836, 7891, 7996, 7997). The angelic societies are all distinct from one another according to goods, and this generically, specifically, and particularly (n. 3241, 4625). They are consociated who are in similar good. That these make one good, is because everyone arises not from one, but from many; for from many things that are various, but still accordant, there is produced a form which makes a one by harmony; in heaven by spiritual harmony, which is that of the goods of love (n. 3241, 3267, 3744-3746, 3986, 4005, 4149, 5598, 7236, 7833, 7836). From all this it is evident that by "in one house shall it be eaten" are signified the consociations of accordant goods that they may together make one good. "To eat" the passover denotes to be consociated, or to be with them, (n. 8001).

AC 8004. Thou shalt not bring out of the flesh abroad from the house. That this signifies that this good shall not be mixed together with the good of another, is evident from the signification of "to bring out abroad from the house" as being to give to another to eat, thus to mix with another good than that which belongs to the society; and from the signification of "flesh," as being good (n. 6968, 7850). For the societies in heaven are distinct according to the functions of all the members, viscera, and organs in the body. By means of correspondence, the function of each member, viscus, and organ bears relation to a peculiar good distinct from any other. From this it is evident that goods are manifold, and that in order that from them distinct forms may arise, which taken together may constitute the most perfect form of heaven, they are by no means to be mixed together; for if they were mixed together the distinction would be lost. This is signified by the command that they should not bring out of the flesh abroad from the house.

AC 8005. And ye shall not break a bone in it. That this signifies the truth of memory-knowledge, that this must be sound, is evident from the signification of "bone," as being the ultimate in which interior things terminate as in their base, that they may be supported and not spread asunder. Such an ultimate in spiritual things is memory-knowledge; for all spiritual truths and goods flow down according to order to lower things, and finally terminate in memory-knowledges, where they present themselves visibly to man. That "ye shall not break" denotes that it must be sound, is clear. Memory-knowledge is said to be sound when it admits into itself nothing but truths which agree with its good; for the memory-knowledge is the general receptacle. Moreover memory-knowledges are like the bones in man; if these are not sound, or in their order, as when disjointed or distorted, the form of the body is thereby changed, and the actions in accordance therewith. The truths of memory-knowledge are doctrinal things.

AC 8006. All the assemblage of Israel shall perform it. That this signifies that this law of order is for all who are in the good of truth and in the truth of good, is evident from the signification of "the assemblage of Israel," as being all truths and goods in one complex (n. 7830); thus those who are in the truth through which is good, and those who are in the good through which is truth (n. 7957), consequently those who are of the spiritual church. That all these were to perform the passover, was to represent the liberation of those of the spiritual church who had been detained in the lower earth until the Lord’s coming (n. 6854, 6914, 7091, 7849, 7932); their eating together in one house was to represent the angelic consociations in heaven (n. 7836, 7996, 7997); thus by the whole assemblage of Israel performing it was represented the whole heaven. At that time there was nowhere a church, but only the representative of a church, for which were taken the descendants of Abraham from Jacob. Communication with heaven, and through heaven with the Lord, was given by means of the representatives of the church. For this reason it was enjoined upon that nation to strictly observe all the statutes and all the laws, especially the statutes concerning the passover, insomuch that he who was clean and did not perform the passover was to be cut off (Num. 9:13).

AC 8007. And when a sojourner shall sojourn with thee. That this signifies those who have been instructed in the truth and good of the church and have received them, is evident from the signification of a "sojourner," as being those who were being instructed and were receiving the statutes and laws of the church (n. 2025, 4444, 7908). It is said "when he shall sojourn with thee," because by "sojourning" is signified to be instructed and to live (n. 1463, 3672). Thus by "sojourners sojourning with them" are signified not only those who were being instructed in the truth and good of the church and were receiving them, but also those who were living according to them.

AC 8008. And performeth the passover to Jehovah. That this signifies if he desires to be together with them, is evident from the signification of "performing the passover to Jehovah," that is, eating it, as being to be together with them (n. 8001).

AC 8009. Every male of his shall be circumcised. That this signifies that his truth must be cleansed from impure loves, is evident from the signification of "to be circumcised," as being to be purified or cleansed from impure loves (n. 2039, 2056, 2632, 3412, 3413, 4462, 7045); and from the signification of "male," as being the truth of faith (n. 749, 2046, 4005, 7838).

AC 8010. And then let him come near to perform it, signifies that then he shall be with them (n. 8008).

AC 8011. And he shall be as a native of the land. That this signifies that he shall be accepted just as is he who is in this truth and good, and has been purified from unclean loves, is evident from the signification of "a native of the land," as being one who has been born within the church and is in its truth and good, consequently who has been purified from unclean loves. It is said "a native of the land," because by "land" is signified the church that "land" in the Word denotes the church, see (n. 566, 662, 1066, 1067, 1262, 1413, 1607, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118, 2571, 2928, 3355, 4447, 4535, 5577). That "land" denotes the church is because by "land" in the Word is meant the land of Canaan, and by "the land of Canaan" is signified the Lord‘s kingdom and church (n. 1413, 1437, 1585, 1607, 1866, 3038, 3481, 3686, 3705, 4116, 4240, 4447, 4454, 4516, 4517, 5136, 5757, 6516). By every land named in the Word the angels do not understand the land, but the nation that was there, and along with the nation there is understood the quality of the nation in respect to its spirituality, that is, in respect to that which is of the church. That the idea of the quality of the nation occurs when its land is named, is known, for this is the case even with men, and more so with the angels, who think spiritually about every natural thing.

AC 8012. And no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. That the signifies that he who is in the loves of self and of the world cannot be together with them, is evident from the signification of a" "uncircumcised person," as being one who is in the loves of self and of the world (n. 2056, 3412, 3413, 7045); and from the signification of "eating of it," namely, the passover, as being to be with them (n. 8001).

AC 8013. One law shall there be for the native, and for the sojourner that sojourneth in the midst of you. That this signifies that he who on being instructed has received the truth and good of the church, and lives according to them, shall be as he who being already instructed is within the church, and lives a life in agreement with the precepts of faith and of charity, is evident from the signification of "one law shall there be," as being a similar right, thus that the one shall be as the other; and from the signification of "the native," as being one who has been born within the church, and is in its truth and good as to doctrine and as to life (n. 8011); and from the signification of "the sojourner that sojourneth in the midst of you," as being one who is being instructed in the truth and good of the church and receives them and lives according to them (n. 8007).

[2] It is said "in agreement with the precepts off faith and of charity," on account of the difference; for the life before regeneration is according to the precepts of faith, but after regeneration it is according to the precepts of charity. Before regeneration no one knows from affection what charity is, but only from doctrine; and the man then lives according to the precepts of doctrine, which are called precepts of faith; but after regeneration he knows from affection what charity is, for he then loves his neighbor, and from the heart wills good to him, and he then lives according to a law that is written on him, for he acts from the affection of charity. This state is utterly different from the former state. They who are in the first state are in obscurity in respect to the truths and goods of faith, but they who are in the latter state are relatively in clearness. These see truths and confirm them from enlightenment, while the former do not see truths and confirm them from enlightenment; but from persuasion that the teachings of the church are truths. And because they do not see them from enlightenment, they can confirm falsities equally with truths, and after these have been confirmed, they see them precisely as truths. From all this it can be seen what is meant by living according to the precepts of faith, and what by living according to the precepts of charity.

[3] As regards sojourners, it is several times commanded in the Word that no distinction should be made between a native of the land and a sojourner sojourning with them, for the reason that the Gentiles, from whom the sojourners came, are received into heaven equally as well as they who are within the church, when after being instructed they have received the truths of faith. Of the Gentiles in the other life, see (n. 932, 1032, 1059, 2049, 2284, 2589-2604, 2861, 2863, 3263, 4190, 4197). Hence it was commanded that "as with the native, so with the sojourner;" as in the following passages:--

Author:  E. Swedenborg (1688-1772).

Design:  I.J. Thompson, Feb 2002.

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